| surtout il ne faut pas inicier un tratement sans consulter un medecin ou prendre contact avec nouscontacts |
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| BIPOLAR |
Bipolar Disorders
This information is not intended to diagnose or treat bipolar disorders, but
to provide a better understanding of this condition as well as information on
new effective treatments. However, if you recognize any of these
symptoms, you should consult with your physician when considering
treatment.
Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder is also known as manic depression because of extreme
swings in mood, thought and behavior. Bipolar is different than major
depression in that it is marked by episodes of euphoria or mania. These
episodes commonly last from hours to days, but can also last for months.
Bipolar Disorder afflicts 2 million adults, and possibly another 1 million plus
children. It usually starts in adolescence, with males first experiencing a
manic episode and females experiencing a depressive one.
There are two types of bipolar illnesses, bipolar 1 and bipolar 2. Bipolar 1
is more severe than bipolar 2, and is marked by one or more manic swings
followed by one or more major depressive episodes. Bipolar 2 generally
starts with one or more depressive episodes, followed by a milder
(hypomanic) episode.
Bipolar Symptoms
The depressive symptoms are similar to major depression. Mania
symptoms may include some of the following:
Heightened mood
Excited behavior, increased energy or activity
Aggressive behavior and/or irritability
Lack of desire for sleep
Impulsiveness or poor judgment, reckless behavior
Racing speech, thoughts, etc.
Overly optimistic, egoistic, delusions of grandeur
Hallucinations (extreme mania)
Bipolar Disease
“I have been diagnosed recently with manic depression (bipolar disorder),
but I really think it should be called ‘Bipolar Disease,’ because it’s
something I’ll struggle with my whole life. I think I was a bipolar child too,
because I would go off in uncontrollable fits & cause a lot of damage.
Afterwards, I would feel terrible guilt for what ‘happened,’ but I would still
think, ‘That’s not me.’
I started losing friends and then I didn’t get new ones because I knew they
would leave… It has affected my schooling and career choices… Now I
think my bipolar disease is under control, and for the first time, I don’t feel
‘drugged up’ with medications anymore. I’m still on some [medications] and
light therapy has helped a great deal to keep me out of my depression
swings.”
Bipolar Disorders in Children
Bipolar disorders generally develop during adolescence, although
symptoms can appear earlier. Symptoms may be different in children than
in adults. When manic, children tend to become aggressive, irritable or
prone to destructive outbursts. In a depressive episode, they may also
complain of tiredness, headaches, stomachaches, become emotional and
may feel persecuted, rejected or a failure.
Bipolar Treatment
Bipolar Medicines
Bipolar medications are generally divided into two categories: Mood
stabilizers and anti depressants. The following bipolar medicines are
described as well as other effective supplemental therapies.
Mood Stabilizers
Researchers have noticed the similarity between people who suffer from
temporal lobe seizures and bipolar I. During a seizure, the temporal lobe’s
neurons fire wildly, causing many similar reactions that bipolar I patients
experience during manic episodes. These anti-seizure medications
(Lithium, Tegretol, Depakote, Neurontin, etc.) work effectively as mood
stabilizers.
SSRI’s
Most anti-depressants are categorized as Selective Serotonin Re-uptake
Inhibitors because they act to keep serotonin in the synaptic system
longer, thus helping the brain to function properly. SSRI’s are used to
combat the depressive cycles in bipolar depression. Depression sufferers
are believed to have low levels of serotonin.
Light Therapy
The medical journal The Lancet reports that the lack of bright light like
sunlight may be a cause of depression. Bright light produces serotonin in
our brains, and scientists believe that low levels of serotonin contribute to
depression. As light produces serotonin, our natural balance returns, and
we’re productive again. Clinical studies at Yale, UCSD and others, have
shown dramatic results using bright environmental light (10,000 lux
intensity).
Light does what anti-depressants can’t
The discovery that light produces serotonin is significant, because it may
be the only way to increase serotonin levels in the brain. Pharmaceutical
companies have never been able to replicate this process. Anti-depressant
medications are designed to keep serotonin in the system, but they cannot
produce it. For those who already have low levels of serotonin, SSRI’s are
not as effective as they otherwise might be. This is why light may be a
beneficial supplement. Recent studies suggest depression may be more
effectively treated with light and medication rather than medication alone.
Light Therapy Treatment for Bipolar Disorder
Specialized bright light is known as an effective antidepressant. Because
most bipolar patients suffer from depressive episodes during the winter
and in overcast conditions, researchers feel that light therapy should be an
obvious choice for manic depression. Several studies have demonstrated
the success of light therapy in averting depressive episodes in manic
depression. In January 2004, the Cochrane Medical Review recommended
light therapy for treating Bipolar Disorders.
Light appears to be successful for two reasons: First, bipolar patients
suffer from low serotonin levels during depressive lows, and second, they
are also supersensitive to melatonin fluctuations. Since light effectively
regulates melatonin and serotonin, bipolar patients respond almost
immediately.
Light Therapy & Bipolar Children
Because light therapy poses no long-term negative side effects, it is also
recommended for children. One of the more accurate works on childhood
bipolar disorder, The Bipolar Child, recommends light therapy as a first line
treatment.
Cautions With Light Therapy and Bipolar Disorder
Researchers have noted that manic depression sufferers (bipolar 1)
should be on an effective mood stabilizer before using light therapy.
Because light produces serotonin, it may precipitate a manic reaction. Light
has been found to be safe when used for less than an hour at a time, but
physician supervision is always recommended.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Omega-3 Fatty Acids (DHA and EPA) are fish oil compounds. Researchers
discovered the anti-depressant effect of fish oil by studying the low
depression rates of populations that consumed large amounts of fish. One
Harvard study demonstrated that omega-3 fatty acids were helpful in
stabilizing bipolar depression.
How it works
Omega-3 fatty acids are thought to work by nourishing the brain’s nerve
cell membranes, which are made up mostly of DHE fatty acids. Depressed
people have low DHE levels. Fish oil also lowers the risk of heart attacks
and strokes, and aids in building dense bones.
Caution: Higher levels of these oils may also produce free radicals. One
should consider taking vitamins C and E as natural anti oxidants. Fish oil
may also interfere with anti-clotting medications, so consult your doctor.
dr.pedro health traitement of depression 2006
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